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<title>Tarasios of Constantinople</title>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Tarasios of Constantinople</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a> of Saint Tarasios, Patriarch of Constantinople (<a href="Johann_Conrad_Dorner" title="Johann Conrad Dorner">Johann Conrad Dorner</a>, 1848–1852)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="List_of_ecumenical_patriarchs_of_Constantinople" title="List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 730<br><a href="Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 February 806<br><a href="Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>,<br><a href="Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Pre-congregation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18 February (<a href="Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>) (<a href="General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>25 February (<a href="Eastern_Orthodox_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Churches">Eastern Orthodox Churches</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Vested" class="mw-redirect" title="Vested">Vested</a> as a <a href="Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> with <a href="Omophorion" title="Omophorion">omophorion</a> often holding a <a href="Gospel_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospel book">Gospel book</a> with his right hand raised in <a href="Blessing" title="Blessing">blessing</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Tarasios of Constantinople</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="List_of_ecumenical_patriarchs_of_Constantinople" title="List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Installed</th><td class="infobox-data">25 December 784</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Term ended</th><td class="infobox-data">25 February 806</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Paul_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Paul IV of Constantinople">Paul IV of Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Nicephorus_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicephorus I of Constantinople">Nicephorus I of Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 730<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 February 806</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian Christianity</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Tarasios of Constantinople</b> (also <i>Saint Tarasius</i> and <i>Saint Tarasios</i>; <a href="Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ταράσιος</span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 730 – 25 February 806) was the <a href="List_of_ecumenical_patriarchs_of_Constantinople" title="List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a> from 25 December 784 until his death on 25 February 806.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

<p>Tarasios was born and raised in the city of <a href="Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. A son of a high-ranking judge, Tarasios was related to important families, including that of the later Patriarch <a href="Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I of Constantinople</a>. He had an elder brother, Sisinnios, who was captured during the <a href="Byzantine_expedition_to_Calabria_(788/789)" title="Byzantine expedition to Calabria (788/789)">invasion of Calabria</a> in 788–789.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Tarasios had embarked on a career in the secular administration and had attained the rank of <a href="Byzantine_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Senate">senator</a>, eventually becoming imperial secretary (<i><a href="Asekretis" title="Asekretis">asekretis</a></i>) to the Emperor <a href="Constantine_VI" title="Constantine VI">Constantine VI</a> and his mother, the Empress <a href="Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene of Athens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirsch_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirsch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Patriarch <a href="Paul_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Paul IV of Constantinople">Paul IV of Constantinople</a> retired to a monastery, he recommended the lay administrator Tarasios as his successor.<sup id="cite_ref-oca_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oca-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Since Tarasios exhibited both <a href="Iconodulism" title="Iconodulism">Iconodule</a> sympathies and the willingness to follow imperial commands when they were not contrary to the faith, he was selected as Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople by Empress Irene in 784, even though he was a <a href="Laity" title="Laity">layman</a> at the time. Nevertheless, like all <a href="Education" title="Education">educated</a> <a href="Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>, he was well versed in <a href="Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>, and the election of qualified laymen as bishops was not unheard of in the history of the Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirsch_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirsch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>He reluctantly accepted, on condition that church unity would be restored with <a href="Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and the <a href="Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Patriarchs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kirsch_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirsch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a council be called to address the iconoclast controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-oca_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oca-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To make him eligible for the office of patriarch, Tarasios was duly <a href="Ordination" title="Ordination">ordained</a> to the <a href="Deaconate" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaconate">deaconate</a> and then the <a href="Priesthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood">priesthood</a>, prior to his <a href="Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecration</a> as <a href="Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Council_of_Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</h2></div>

<p>Before accepting the dignity of <a href="Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a>, Tarasios had demanded and obtained the promise that the <a href="Veneration" title="Veneration">veneration</a> of <a href="Icons" class="mw-redirect" title="Icons">icons</a> would be restored in the church. As a part of his policy of improving relations with Rome, he persuaded Empress Irene to write to <a href="Pope_Adrian_I" title="Pope Adrian I">Pope Adrian I</a>, inviting him to send <a href="Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">delegates</a> to Constantinople for a new council, to repudiate <a href="Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>. The Pope agreed to send delegates, although he disapproved of the appointment of a layman to the patriarchate. The council convened in the <a href="Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles" title="Church of the Holy Apostles">Church of the Holy Apostles</a> on 17 August 786. <a href="Mutiny" title="Mutiny">Mutinous</a> troops burst into the church and dispersed the delegates. The shaken papal legates at once took ship for Rome. The mutinous troops were removed from the city, and the legates reassembled at <a href="Nicaea" title="Nicaea">Nicaea</a> in September 787. The Patriarch served as acting chairman (<a href="Jesus" title="Jesus">Christ</a> was considered the true chairman). The council, known as the <a href="Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a>, condemned <a href="Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a> and formally approved the <a href="Veneration" title="Veneration">veneration</a> of <a href="Icons" class="mw-redirect" title="Icons">icons</a>. The patriarch assumed a moderate policy towards former <a href="Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">Iconoclasts</a>, which incurred the opposition of <a href="Theodore_the_Studite" title="Theodore the Studite">Theodore the Studite</a> and his partisans.<sup id="cite_ref-oca_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oca-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divorce_of_Constantine_VI">Divorce of Constantine VI</h2></div>

<p>About a decade later, Tarasios became involved in a new controversy. In January 795, Emperor <a href="Constantine_VI" title="Constantine VI">Constantine VI</a> divorced his wife, <a href="Maria_of_Amnia" title="Maria of Amnia">Maria of Amnia</a>, and Tarasios reluctantly condoned the divorce. The monks were scandalised by the patriarch's consent. The leaders of the protest, Abbot <a href="Plato_of_Sakkoudion" title="Plato of Sakkoudion">Plato of Sakkoudion</a> and his nephew Theodore the Studite, were exiled, but the uproar continued. Much of the anger was directed at Tarasios for allowing the subsequent marriage of the emperor to <a href="Theodote_(empress)" title="Theodote (empress)">Theodote</a> to take place, although he had refused to officiate. Under severe pressure from Theodore the Studite, Tarasios <a href="Excommunicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunicated">excommunicated</a> the priest who had conducted Constantine's second marriage.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End_of_Patriarchate">End of Patriarchate</h2></div>

<p>Tarasios continued to loyally serve the subsequent imperial regimes of Irene and <a href="Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I">Nikephoros I</a>. The patriarch's reputation suffered from criticism of his alleged tolerance of <a href="Simony" title="Simony">simony</a>. On the other hand, his pliability proved most welcome to three very different monarchs and accounts for Tarasios' continuation in office until his death. The later selections of the laymen <a href="Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Nikephoros I of Constantinople</a> and <a href="Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I of Constantinople</a> as patriarchs may have been in part inspired by the example set by Tarasios.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sainthood">Sainthood</h2></div>

<p>Though some later scholars have been critical of what they perceive as Tarasios' weakness before imperial power, he continues to be revered in the <a href="Eastern_Orthodox_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Churches">Eastern Orthodox Churches</a> for his defence of the use of icons, and his struggle for the peace and unity of the Church. His <a href="Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> is celebrated on 25 February by the Eastern Orthodox and <a href="Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> <a href="Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> (This date on the <a href="Julian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Calendar">Julian Calendar</a> at present corresponds to 10 March in common years and 9 March in leap years on the <a href="Gregorian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Calendar">Gregorian Calendar</a>) and on 18 February by <a href="Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> Catholics.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Martyrologium Romanum</i> (<a href="Vatican_Publishing_House" title="Vatican Publishing House">Libreria Editrice Vaticana</a>, 2001, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>88-209-7210-7</bdi>).</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephanos Efthymiadis (ed.), <i>The Life of the Patriarch Tarasios by Ignatios Deacon - Introduction, Edition, Translation and Commentary</i>, <a href="Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2016, [1998], p. 10.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Kirsch-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirsch_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirsch_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirsch_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14451b.htm">"St. Tarasius"</a>. <i><a href="Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-oca-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oca_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oca_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oca_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2017/02/25/100605-saint-tarasius-archbishop-of-constantinople">"Saint Tarasius, Archbishop of Constantinople", OCA</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By canon law both of East and West, each of these orders must be conferred at intervals of days, during which one order is exercised before a higher one is received.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li><i>The <a href="Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>, <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1991.</li>

<li><i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>, third edition.</li>

<li><i>Byzantium - the Early Centuries</i> by <a href="John_Julius_Norwich" title="John Julius Norwich">John Julius Norwich</a>, 1988.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=100605">St Tarasius the Archbishop of Constantinople</a> Orthodox <a href="Icon" title="Icon">icon</a> and <a href="Synaxarion" class="mw-redirect" title="Synaxarion">synaxarion</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Bishops_of_Byzantium_and_Patriarchs_of_Constantinople715" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs of <span class="locality">Constantinople</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Bishops of <a href="Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a><br>(<a href="Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> period, 38–330 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li>

<li><a href="Stachys_the_Apostle" title="Stachys the Apostle">Stachys</a></li>

<li><a href="Onesimus" title="Onesimus">Onesimus</a></li>

<li><a href="Polycarpus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Polycarpus I of Byzantium">Polycarpus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Plutarch_of_Byzantium" title="Plutarch of Byzantium">Plutarch</a></li>

<li><a href="Sedecion_of_Byzantium" title="Sedecion of Byzantium">Sedecion</a></li>

<li><a href="Diogenes_of_Byzantium" title="Diogenes of Byzantium">Diogenes</a></li>

<li><a href="Eleutherius_of_Byzantium" title="Eleutherius of Byzantium">Eleutherius</a></li>

<li><a href="Felix_of_Byzantium" title="Felix of Byzantium">Felix</a></li>

<li><a href="Polycarpus_II_of_Byzantium" title="Polycarpus II of Byzantium">Polycarpus II</a></li>

<li><a href="Athenodorus_of_Byzantium" title="Athenodorus of Byzantium">Athenodorus</a></li>

<li><a href="Euzois_of_Byzantium" title="Euzois of Byzantium">Euzois</a></li>

<li><a href="Laurence_of_Byzantium" title="Laurence of Byzantium">Laurence</a></li>

<li><a href="Alypius_of_Byzantium" title="Alypius of Byzantium">Alypius</a></li>

<li><a href="Pertinax_of_Byzantium" title="Pertinax of Byzantium">Pertinax</a></li>

<li><a href="Olympianus_of_Byzantium" title="Olympianus of Byzantium">Olympianus</a></li>

<li><a href="Marcus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Marcus I of Byzantium">Marcus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Philadelphus_of_Byzantium" title="Philadelphus of Byzantium">Philadelphus</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyriacus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Cyriacus I of Byzantium">Cyriacus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Castinus_of_Byzantium" title="Castinus of Byzantium">Castinus</a></li>

<li><a href="Eugenius_I_of_Byzantium" title="Eugenius I of Byzantium">Eugenius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Titus_of_Byzantium" title="Titus of Byzantium">Titus</a></li>

<li><a href="Dometius_of_Byzantium" title="Dometius of Byzantium">Dometius</a></li>

<li><a href="Rufinus_of_Byzantium" title="Rufinus of Byzantium">Rufinus</a></li>

<li><a href="Probus_of_Byzantium" title="Probus of Byzantium">Probus</a></li>

<li><a href="Metrophanes_of_Byzantium" title="Metrophanes of Byzantium">Metrophanes</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_of_Constantinople" title="Alexander of Constantinople">Alexander</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Archbishops of <a href="Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a><br>(Roman period, 330–451 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alexander_of_Constantinople" title="Alexander of Constantinople">Alexander</a></li>

<li><a href="Eusebius_of_Nicomedia" title="Eusebius of Nicomedia">Eusebius</a></li>

<li><a href="Macedonius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Macedonius I of Constantinople">Macedonius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Eudoxius_of_Antioch" title="Eudoxius of Antioch">Eudoxius</a></li>

<li><a href="Evagrius_of_Constantinople" title="Evagrius of Constantinople">Evagrius</a></li>

<li><a href="Demophilus_of_Constantinople" title="Demophilus of Constantinople">Demophilus</a></li>

<li><a href="Maximus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus I of Constantinople">Maximus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory I</a></li>

<li><a href="Nectarius_of_Constantinople" title="Nectarius of Constantinople">Nectarius</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John I Chrysostom</a></li>

<li><a href="Arsacius_of_Tarsus" title="Arsacius of Tarsus">Arsacius</a></li>

<li><a href="Atticus_of_Constantinople" title="Atticus of Constantinople">Atticus</a></li>

<li><a href="Sisinnius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sisinnius I of Constantinople">Sisinnius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a></li>

<li><a href="Maximianus_of_Constantinople" title="Maximianus of Constantinople">Maximianus</a></li>

<li><a href="Proclus_of_Constantinople" title="Proclus of Constantinople">Proclus</a></li>

<li><a href="Flavian_of_Constantinople" title="Flavian of Constantinople">Flavian</a></li>

<li><a href="Anatolius_of_Constantinople" title="Anatolius of Constantinople">Anatolius</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople<br>(<a href="Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> period, 451–1453 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anatolius_of_Constantinople" title="Anatolius of Constantinople">Anatolius</a></li>

<li><a href="Gennadius_of_Constantinople" title="Gennadius of Constantinople">Gennadius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Acacius_of_Constantinople" title="Acacius of Constantinople">Acacius</a></li>

<li><a href="Fravitta_of_Constantinople" title="Fravitta of Constantinople">Fravitta</a></li>

<li><a href="Euphemius_of_Constantinople" title="Euphemius of Constantinople">Euphemius</a></li>

<li><a href="Macedonius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Macedonius II of Constantinople">Macedonius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Timothy_I_of_Constantinople" title="Timothy I of Constantinople">Timothy I</a></li>

<li><a href="Epiphanius_of_Constantinople" title="Epiphanius of Constantinople">Epiphanius</a></li>

<li><a href="Anthimus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus I of Constantinople">Anthimus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Menas_of_Constantinople" title="Menas of Constantinople">Menas</a></li>

<li><a href="Eutychius_of_Constantinople" title="Eutychius of Constantinople">Eutychius</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyriacus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cyriacus II of Constantinople">Cyriacus II</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Thomas I of Constantinople">Thomas I</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius I of Constantinople">Sergius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyrrhus_of_Constantinople" title="Pyrrhus of Constantinople">Pyrrhus</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_of_Constantinople" title="Peter of Constantinople">Peter</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Thomas II of Constantinople">Thomas II</a></li>

<li><a href="Constantine_I_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine I of Constantinople">Constantine I</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodore_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodore I of Constantinople">Theodore I</a></li>

<li><a href="George_I_of_Constantinople" title="George I of Constantinople">George I</a></li>

<li><a href="Callinicus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus I of Constantinople">Callinicus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Kyros_of_Constantinople" title="Kyros of Constantinople">Cyrus</a></li>

<li><a href="Germanus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus I of Constantinople">Germanus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Anastasius_of_Constantinople" title="Anastasius of Constantinople">Anastasius</a></li>

<li><a href="Constantine_II_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine II of Constantinople">Constantine II</a></li>

<li><a href="Nicetas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nicetas I of Constantinople">Nicetas I</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Nicephorus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodotus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodotus I of Constantinople">Theodotus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Antony_I_of_Constantinople" title="Antony I of Constantinople">Antony I</a></li>

<li><a href="Methodios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Methodios I of Constantinople">Methodius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Ignatios_of_Constantinople" title="Ignatios of Constantinople">Ignatios</a></li>

<li><a href="Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I</a></li>

<li><a href="Stephen_I_of_Constantinople" title="Stephen I of Constantinople">Stephen I</a></li>

<li><a href="Antony_II_of_Constantinople" title="Antony II of Constantinople">Antony II</a></li>

<li><a href="Nicholas_Mystikos" title="Nicholas Mystikos">Nicholas I</a></li>

<li><a href="Euthymius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Euthymius I of Constantinople">Εuthymius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Stephen_II_of_Constantinople" title="Stephen II of Constantinople">Stephen II</a></li>

<li><a href="Tryphon_of_Constantinople" title="Tryphon of Constantinople">Tryphon</a></li>

<li><a href="Theophylact_of_Constantinople" title="Theophylact of Constantinople">Theophylact</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyeuctus_of_Constantinople" title="Polyeuctus of Constantinople">Polyeuctus</a></li>

<li><a href="Basil_I_of_Constantinople" title="Basil I of Constantinople">Βasil I</a></li>

<li><a href="Antony_III_of_Constantinople" title="Antony III of Constantinople">Αntony III</a></li>

<li><a href="Nicholas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas II of Constantinople">Nicholas II</a></li>

<li><a href="Sisinnius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sisinnius II of Constantinople">Sisinnius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius II of Constantinople">Sergius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Eustathius_of_Constantinople" title="Eustathius of Constantinople">Eustathius</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexius_of_Constantinople" title="Alexius of Constantinople">Alexius</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_I_Cerularius" title="Michael I Cerularius">Michael I</a></li>

<li><a href="Constantine_Leichoudes" title="Constantine Leichoudes">Constantine III</a></li>

<li><a href="Cosmas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas I of Constantinople">Cosmas I</a></li>

<li><a href="Eustratius_Garidas" title="Eustratius Garidas">Eustratius</a></li>

<li><a href="Nicholas_III_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas III of Constantinople">Nicholas III</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_II_of_Constantinople" title="Michael II of Constantinople">Michael II</a></li>

<li><a href="Cosmas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas II of Constantinople">Cosmas II</a></li>

<li><a href="Nicholas_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas IV of Constantinople">Nicholas IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodotus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodotus II of Constantinople">Theodotus II</a></li>

<li><a href="Neophytus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus I of Constantinople">Neophytus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Constantine_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine IV of Constantinople">Constantine IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_III_of_Constantinople" title="Michael III of Constantinople">Michael III</a></li>

<li><a href="Chariton_of_Constantinople" title="Chariton of Constantinople">Chariton</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodosius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodosius I of Constantinople">Theodosius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Basil_II_of_Constantinople" title="Basil II of Constantinople">Basil II</a></li>

<li><a href="Nicetas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicetas II of Constantinople">Nicetas II</a></li>

<li><a href="Leontius_of_Constantinople" title="Leontius of Constantinople">Leontius</a></li>

<li><a href="Dositheus_of_Constantinople" title="Dositheus of Constantinople">Dositheus</a></li>

<li><a href="George_II_of_Constantinople" title="George II of Constantinople">George II</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Michael IV of Constantinople">Michael IV</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Theodore_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodore II of Constantinople">Theodore II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Maximus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus II of Constantinople">Maximus II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Manuel_I_of_Constantinople" title="Manuel I of Constantinople">Μanuel I</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Germanus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus II of Constantinople">Germanus II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Methodius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Methodius II of Constantinople">Methodius II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Manuel_II_of_Constantinople" title="Manuel II of Constantinople">Manuel II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Arsenios_Autoreianos" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenios Autoreianos">Arsenius</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Nicephorus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicephorus II of Constantinople">Nicephorus II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Germanus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus III of Constantinople">Germanus III</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joseph I of Constantinople">Joseph I</a></li>

<li><a href="Gregory_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory II of Constantinople">Gregory II</a></li>

<li><a href="Athanasius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius I of Constantinople">Athanasius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Nephon_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nephon I of Constantinople">Nephon I</a></li>

<li><a href="Gerasimus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus I of Constantinople">Gerasimus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Isaias_of_Constantinople" title="Isaias of Constantinople">Isaias</a></li>

<li><a href="Isidore_I_of_Constantinople" title="Isidore I of Constantinople">Isidore I</a></li>

<li><a href="Callistus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Callistus I of Constantinople">Callistus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Philotheus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Philotheus I of Constantinople">Philotheus</a></li>

<li><a href="Macarius_of_Constantinople" title="Macarius of Constantinople">Macarius</a></li>

<li><a href="Nilus_of_Constantinople" title="Nilus of Constantinople">Nilus</a></li>

<li><a href="Antony_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Antony IV of Constantinople">Antony IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Callistus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Callistus II of Constantinople">Callistus II</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthew_I_of_Constantinople" title="Matthew I of Constantinople">Matthew I</a></li>

<li><a href="Euthymius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Euthymius II of Constantinople">Euthymius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joseph II of Constantinople">Joseph II</a></li>

<li><a href="Metrophanes_II_of_Constantinople" title="Metrophanes II of Constantinople">Metrophanes II</a></li>

<li><a href="Gregory_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory III of Constantinople">Gregory III</a></li>

<li><a href="Athanasius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius II of Constantinople">Athanasius II</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople<br>(<a href="Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> period, 1453–1923 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gennadius_Scholarius" title="Gennadius Scholarius">Gennadius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Isidore_II_of_Constantinople" title="Isidore II of Constantinople">Isidore II</a></li>

<li><a href="Joasaph_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joasaph I of Constantinople">Joasaph I</a></li>

<li><a href="Sophronius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sophronius I of Constantinople">Sophronius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Symeon_I_of_Constantinople" title="Symeon I of Constantinople">Symeon I</a></li>

<li><a href="Dionysius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius I of Constantinople">Dionysius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Raphael_I_of_Constantinople" title="Raphael I of Constantinople">Raphael I</a></li>

<li><a href="Maximus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus III of Constantinople">Maximus III</a></li>

<li><a href="Nephon_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nephon II of Constantinople">Nephon II</a></li>

<li><a href="Maximus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus IV of Constantinople">Maximus IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Joachim_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim I of Constantinople">Joachim I</a></li>

<li><a href="Pachomius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Pachomius I of Constantinople">Pachomius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Theoleptus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theoleptus I of Constantinople">Theoleptus I</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeremias_I_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias I of Constantinople">Jeremias I</a></li>

<li><a href="Joannicius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius I of Constantinople">Joannicius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Dionysius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius II of Constantinople">Dionysius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Joasaph_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joasaph II of Constantinople">Joasaph II</a></li>

<li><a href="Metrophanes_III_of_Constantinople" title="Metrophanes III of Constantinople">Metrophanes III</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias II of Constantinople">Jeremias II</a></li>

<li><a href="Pachomius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Pachomius II of Constantinople">Pachomius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Theoleptus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theoleptus II of Constantinople">Theoleptus II</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthew_II_of_Constantinople" title="Matthew II of Constantinople">Matthew II</a></li>

<li><a href="Gabriel_I_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel I of Constantinople">Gabriel I</a></li>

<li><a href="Theophanes_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theophanes I of Constantinople">Theophanes I</a></li>

<li><a href="Meletius_I_Pegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Meletius I Pegas">Meletius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Neophytus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus II of Constantinople">Neophytus II</a></li>

<li><a href="Raphael_II_of_Constantinople" title="Raphael II of Constantinople">Raphael II</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyril_Lucaris" title="Cyril Lucaris">Cyril I</a></li>

<li><a href="Timothy_II_of_Constantinople" title="Timothy II of Constantinople">Timothy II</a></li>

<li><a href="Gregory_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory IV of Constantinople">Gregory IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Anthimus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus II of Constantinople">Anthimus II</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyril_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril II of Constantinople">Cyril II</a></li>

<li><a href="Athanasius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius III of Constantinople">Athanasius III</a></li>

<li><a href="Neophytus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus III of Constantinople">Neophytus III</a></li>

<li><a href="Parthenius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius I of Constantinople">Parthenius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Parthenius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius II of Constantinople">Parthenius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Joannicius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius II of Constantinople">Joannicius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyril_III_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril III of Constantinople">Cyril III</a></li>

<li><a href="Paisius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paisius I of Constantinople">Paisius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Parthenius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius III of Constantinople">Parthenius III</a></li>

<li><a href="Gabriel_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel II of Constantinople">Gabriel II</a></li>

<li><a href="Parthenius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius IV of Constantinople">Parthenius IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Dionysius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius III of Constantinople">Dionysius III</a></li>

<li><a href="Clement_of_Constantinople" title="Clement of Constantinople">Clement</a></li>

<li><a href="Methodius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Methodius III of Constantinople">Methodius III</a></li>

<li><a href="Dionysius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius IV of Constantinople">Dionysius IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Gerasimus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus II of Constantinople">Gerasimus II</a></li>

<li><a href="Athanasius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius IV of Constantinople">Athanasius IV</a></li>

<li><a href="James_of_Constantinople" title="James of Constantinople">James</a></li>

<li><a href="Callinicus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus II of Constantinople">Callinicus II</a></li>

<li><a href="Neophytus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus IV of Constantinople">Neophytus IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Gabriel_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel III of Constantinople">Gabriel III</a></li>

<li><a href="Neophytus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus V of Constantinople">Neophytus V</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyprianus_of_Constantinople" title="Cyprianus of Constantinople">Cyprianus</a></li>

<li><a href="Athanasius_V_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius V of Constantinople">Athanasius V</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyril_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril IV of Constantinople">Cyril IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Cosmas_III_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas III of Constantinople">Cosmas III</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeremias_III_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias III of Constantinople">Jeremias III</a></li>

<li>(<a href="Callinicus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus III of Constantinople">Callinicus III</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Paisius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Paisius II of Constantinople">Paisius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Seraphim_I_of_Constantinople" title="Seraphim I of Constantinople">Seraphim I</a></li>

<li><a href="Neophytus_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VI of Constantinople">Neophytus VI</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyril_V_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril V of Constantinople">Cyril V</a></li>

<li><a href="Callinicus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus IV of Constantinople">Callinicus IV (III)</a></li>

<li><a href="Seraphim_II_of_Constantinople" title="Seraphim II of Constantinople">Seraphim II</a></li>

<li><a href="Joannicius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius III of Constantinople">Joannicius III</a></li>

<li><a href="Samuel_of_Constantinople" title="Samuel of Constantinople">Samuel</a></li>

<li><a href="Meletius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Meletius II of Constantinople">Meletius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodosius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodosius II of Constantinople">Theodosius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Sophronius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sophronius II of Constantinople">Sophronius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Gabriel_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel IV of Constantinople">Gabriel IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Procopius_of_Constantinople" title="Procopius of Constantinople">Procopius</a></li>

<li><a href="Neophytus_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VII of Constantinople">Neophytus VII</a></li>

<li><a href="Gerasimus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus III of Constantinople">Gerasimus III</a></li>

<li><a href="Gregory_V_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory V of Constantinople">Gregory V</a></li>

<li><a href="Callinicus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus V of Constantinople">Callinicus V (IV)</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeremias_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias IV of Constantinople">Jeremias IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyril_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril VI of Constantinople">Cyril VI</a></li>

<li><a href="Eugenius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Eugenius II of Constantinople">Eugenius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Anthimus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus III of Constantinople">Anthimus III</a></li>

<li><a href="Chrysanthus_of_Constantinople" title="Chrysanthus of Constantinople">Chrysanthus</a></li>

<li><a href="Agathangelus_of_Constantinople" title="Agathangelus of Constantinople">Agathangelus</a></li>

<li><a href="Constantius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Constantius I of Constantinople">Constantius I</a></li>

<li><a href="Constantius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Constantius II of Constantinople">Constantius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Gregory_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory VI of Constantinople">Gregory VI</a></li>

<li><a href="Anthimus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus IV of Constantinople">Anthimus IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Anthimus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus V of Constantinople">Anthimus V</a></li>

<li><a href="Germanus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus IV of Constantinople">Germanus IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Meletius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Meletius III of Constantinople">Meletius III</a></li>

<li><a href="Anthimus_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus VI of Constantinople">Anthimus VI</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyril_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril VII of Constantinople">Cyril VII</a></li>

<li><a href="Joachim_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim II of Constantinople">Joachim II</a></li>

<li><a href="Sophronius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Sophronius III of Constantinople">Sophronius III</a></li>

<li><a href="Joachim_III_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim III of Constantinople">Joachim III</a></li>

<li><a href="Joachim_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim IV of Constantinople">Joachim IV</a></li>

<li><a href="Dionysius_V_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius V of Constantinople">Dionysius V</a></li>

<li><a href="Neophytus_VIII_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VIII of Constantinople">Neophytus VIII</a></li>

<li><a href="Anthimus_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus VII of Constantinople">Anthimus VII</a></li>

<li><a href="Constantine_V_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine V of Constantinople">Constantine V</a></li>

<li><a href="Germanus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus V of Constantinople">Germanus V</a></li>

<li><a href="Meletius_Metaxakis" title="Meletius Metaxakis">Meletius IV</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople<br>(<a href="Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> period, since 1923 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gregory_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory VII of Constantinople">Gregory VII</a></li>

<li><a href="Constantine_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine VI of Constantinople">Constantine VI</a></li>

<li><a href="Basil_III_of_Constantinople" title="Basil III of Constantinople">Basil III</a></li>

<li><a href="Photius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Photius II of Constantinople">Photius II</a></li>

<li><a href="Benjamin_I_of_Constantinople" title="Benjamin I of Constantinople">Benjamin</a></li>

<li><a href="Maximus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus V of Constantinople">Maximus V</a></li>

<li><a href="Athenagoras_I_of_Constantinople" title="Athenagoras I of Constantinople">Athenagoras</a></li>

<li><a href="Demetrios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Demetrios I of Constantinople">Demetrius</a></li>

<li><a href="Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div>

<ul><li><sup><small>†</small></sup> in exile at <a href="Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AChristianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-22" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Tarasios_of_Constantinople&oldid=1286924581">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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